Python requests 轮换代理：IP 池或网关

# pip install requests
import itertools
import time
import requests

# One entry per static IP, copied from My assets (LOGIN:PASSWORD@HOST:PORT)
POOL = [
    "http://LOGIN1:PASSWORD1@HOST1:PORT1",
    "http://LOGIN2:PASSWORD2@HOST2:PORT2",
    "http://LOGIN3:PASSWORD3@HOST3:PORT3",
]
URL = "https://ipinfo.io/ip"
ring = itertools.cycle(POOL)  # round robin; random.choice(POOL) also works

def fetch(url, tries=3):
    last = None
    for attempt in range(tries):
        proxy = next(ring)  # a failed try moves on to the next IP in the pool
        try:
            r = requests.get(url, proxies={"http": proxy, "https": proxy}, timeout=(5, 20))
            if r.status_code not in (429, 502, 503, 504):
                return r
        except (requests.exceptions.ProxyError,
                requests.exceptions.Timeout,
                requests.exceptions.ConnectionError) as exc:
            last = exc
        time.sleep(0.5 * 2 ** attempt)  # 0.5 s, 1 s, 2 s
    raise RuntimeError("gave up after %d tries: %s" % (tries, last))

for _ in range(6):
    print(fetch(URL).text.strip())

# pip install requests
import time
import requests

GATEWAY = "http://LOGIN:PASSWORD@HOST:PORT"  # one gateway entry from My assets
PROXIES = {"http": GATEWAY, "https": GATEWAY}
URL = "https://ipinfo.io/ip"

def fetch(url, tries=3):
    last = None
    for attempt in range(tries):
        # A new Session starts with an empty connection pool, so it opens a new connection.
        # In "new IP per connection" mode that is what gives you a new exit IP.
        with requests.Session() as s:
            try:
                r = s.get(url, proxies=PROXIES, timeout=(5, 20))
            except requests.exceptions.ProxyError as exc:
                if "407" in str(exc):
                    raise  # wrong login: a retry only repeats the refusal
                last = exc
            except (requests.exceptions.Timeout, requests.exceptions.ConnectionError) as exc:
                last = exc
            else:
                if r.status_code not in (429, 502, 503, 504):
                    return r
        time.sleep(0.5 * 2 ** attempt)
    raise RuntimeError("gave up after %d tries: %s" % (tries, last))

print([fetch(URL).text.strip() for _ in range(5)])